
Allegedly on this day, a group of teenagers in San Rafael, California who called themselves the Waldos, because “their chosen hang-out spot was a wall outside the school,”[4] hatched a fall 1971 plan to search for an abandoned cannabis crop that they had learned about.[5] The Waldos designated the Louis Pasteur statue on the grounds of San Rafael High School as their meeting place, and 4:20 p.m. as their meeting time.[4] The Waldos referred to this plan with the phrase “4:20 Louis”. Multiple failed attempts to find the crop eventually shortened their phrase to simply “4:20″. For some reason this has evolved into a counter-cultural byword for cannabis culture in general, with thousands gather on April 20 all over the world to both enjoy the herb and protest its criminalization.[5]
I find it interesting that many Christians oppose this unique plant which Jesus created and even worse, pledge their support to an ever expanding war on some drugs in the name of which governments increasingly deprive their citizenry of privacy and civil liberties. So I’m going to take this opportunity to examine some of the grounds on which these Christians base their stance on “marijuana” and see just how much truth there really is to it.
Below I will attempt to address, as honestly and comprehensively as I am able, the most common objections to the Christian ingestion of cannabis. Note that while I believe from my research there are many beneficial uses to the cannabis plant, such as for industry or medicine, in this post “use” will refer to the “therapeutic or relaxationally inebriating use of the resin”.
An individual may disobey the authorities if she has warrant from the Word of God to do so, and does so in a way that honors the gospel if she has warrant from the Word of God to do so, and does so in a way that is an honor to the gospel. Outlawing the use of marijuana is not an assault to Scripture.
This seems to be a fairly mainline position. We know from Acts 4:19, that the second point is reasonable. But can we really biblically say that a government which takes it upon itself to think they know better than God by prohibiting the creative use of what was created by Him to grow on this planet is not assaulting the Word of God? Was it not the “Word of God” which brought cannabis into being in the first place? “Then God said, ‘Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds” (Genesis 1:11) and later, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth… They will be yours for food” (Genesis 1:29).
Paul of Tarsus wrote in his First Epistle to Timothy (4:4), “…everything God created is good, and nothing is to be rejected it if it is received with thanksgiving, because it is consecrated by the word of God and prayer.” In fact, he expressly warned about those who would, through false piety, command us to abstain from this or that. It also might be prudent to remember that cannabis, in the United States, has only been criminal for a few decades. It was legal and socially acceptable to enjoy from time to time even when Ronald Reagan was a boy. It was sold as potent tinctures to treat, for example, nausea, migraines and insomnia, grown to furnish the mooring of ships in the world’s navies, sold to children as a tasty treat and smoked in pipes in plush gentlemen’s clubs and jazz bars.
Counter-argument: What about the corruption of God’s creation after the Fall? Would you recommend that people eat poisonous plants on this same basis?
Response: The fatality of poisonous plants obviously excludes them from things we should be consuming if we wish to remain alive. Cannabis has no such ‘poisonous quality’ and in fact has been shown to be quite beneficial to the body. This argument is like saying that since a shark is a fish and is dangerous, we cannot have a pet fish.
It is sinful to ingest marijuana to any extent that alters the chemistry of the body and causes a physiological response of any magnitude. People take it for the effect, and it is a sin to seek this effect, even getting a pleasant, euphoric buzz.
But what then of Jesus radical statements in Matthew 15:11-20 that “There is nothing that enters a man from outside which can defile him…because it does not enter his heart but his stomach, and is eliminated, thus purifying all foods.” The stringent claim that Jesus is only referring to ‘food’ is contradicted by Jesus’ own use of the word “nothing.” Also, to really press the issue: cannabis foods (salads, drinks, or baked goods) should be permissible, according to the argument, regardless.
The point is that drinking alcohol or smoking cannabis cannot make someone sin. But this is not to say, that the use of inebriants does not lower inhibitions when consumed to the point of excess.
Marijuana users frequently lose their motivation to work.
Without dismissing the testimonies of former users who sincerely believe that this indeed occurred in their lives, it should also be noted that from 1916-1929, the U.S. Army sponsored the Siler Commission to determine if off-duty cannabis smoking in Panama made officers lazy and unmotivated and determined that “no ill effects from smoking mariajuana for several days in succession were observed even when the soldiers were given mariajuana ad libitum” and “no mental or physical deterioration effects of smoking mariajuana could be demonstrated”, concluding that “no recommendations for further legislative action to prevent the sale or use of mariajuana in the Canal Zone, Panama, are deemed advisable under existing conditions” (1, 2).
Additionally, it is known that many hard-working Orientals and Jamaicans consume cannabis in cigarettes, pipes and even teas, to relax in the evenings without the threat of an alcohol hangover during work in the morning(3).
It seems far more honest to blame such laziness, not on a simple plant, but on the sinful and excessive indulgence of an individual with no self-control, particularly in the modern U.S., where people grow up worshipfully seeking pleasure and instant gratification. It is just as Jesus said: “But the things that come out of the mouth and the heart; these make a man ‘unclean’” (Matthew 15:18). This argument is shifting the blame and turning it the other way around. Cannabis doesn’t make people lazy and unmotivated. People make people lazy and unmotivated.
Someone who is affected to any extent by marijuana is not sober (which it says in 1 Thessalonians 5:6-8 that we must be!). To smoke marijuana to get any level of euphoria from it is clearly a sin, therefore.
Why then do they think Christians most commonly drink alcohol, if not to experience the pleasant and relaxing feeling derived from it (‘euphoria’) or as the Scriptures say to “gladden the heart of man” (Psalm 104:15)? Be honest. Scripture freely admits this and nowhere condemns this effect as sinful. It does condemn, however, the immoderate and excessive abuse of that effect. Many Christians agree that the required Christian attribute of sobriety is consistent with the occasional drinking of alcohol in moderation. So, what is the difference between ingesting cannabis in moderation and ingesting alcohol in moderation? The answer to that question can only be arbitrary at best.
The moderate drinking of wine, or other forms of alcohol, cannot be compared to the immediate intoxicating effects of marijuana.
This one is interesting. So, the difference for its proponents is that the smoking of cannabis results in an immediate effect whereas alcohol takes some time to set in. There is an obvious reason for this: simply that any substance, when smoked, passes straight through the brain-blood barrier and is thus metabolized very quickly. If this is the problem, they should have no grounds whatsoever, therefore, to prohibit the oral consumption of cannabis, mixed into drinks, salads or baked into goods, the effect of which takes about the same amount of time to appear as drinking alcohol. My point is that it seems silly to think that it matters to Jesus if it takes a couple minutes or a half an hour to take effect. What matters to Him is whether or not we have foolishly consumed so much that we are no longer in our right mind or physically incapacitated, and therefore unable to hear from His Spirit, faithfully serve others or be an honorable witness for Him–i.e. “drunk” or “stoned”.
The current evidence indicates that the proposed therapeutic value of marijuana is greatly overrated.
This is contrary to the facts(4), which reveal that cannabis has been used for centuries as an effective analgesic (pain killer), anticonvulsant, appetite stimulant, hypnotic (sleep aid), antipyretic (anti-inflammatory), antiemetic and muscle relaxant. The U.S. DEA’s own administrative law judge, Francis L. Young, when shown these facts, ruled “Marijuana in its natural form is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man“(5). Modern research suggests that cannabis is a valuable aid in the treatment of a wide range of clinical applications.(6) These include pain relief — particularly of neuropathic pain (pain from nerve damage) — nausea, spasticity, glaucoma, and movement disorders.(7) Cannabis is also a powerful appetite stimulant, specifically for patients suffering from HIV, the AIDS wasting syndrome, or dementia.(8) Emerging research suggests that its medicinal properties may protect the body against some types of malignant tumors(9) and are neuroprotective against toxicity.(10) In fact, on October 7, 2003, patent #6,630,507, entitled “Cannabinoids as Antioxidants and Neuroprotectants” was awarded to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, based on research done at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), claiming that cannabis is “useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of wide variety of oxidation associated diseases, such as ischemic, age-related, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The cannabinoids are found to have particular application as neuroprotectants, for example in limiting neurological damage following ischemic insults, such as stroke and trauma, or in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and HIV dementia”(11). The medicinal value of cannabis is still being rediscovered in this century and it bears further investigation.
Cannabis has no culinary application—except for “Oreo’s and mustard”, and therefore has no legitimate use.
Cannabis, as mentioned earlier, can be mixed in salads and grain alcohol, boiled in milk and tea or baked into brownies, cakes, biscuits and such. These creative preparations are enjoyed by a variety of cultures worldwide and have been for centuries.
The cannabis plant should not be included in the Hebrew word eseb and so is not within the scope of Psalm 104:14.
This is an unprovable argument. The word eseb simply means “herb”. Except for the sake of carrying the argument that cannabis ‘does not serve man’, there is no given reason to assume that the cannabis plant, being an herb after all, would for some reason not be considered part of the herb family in the Hebrew language. In fact, linguistic research indicates it may well have been a very well known and important herb. In 1936 by Sula Benet, a little known Polish etymologist from the Institute of Anthropological Sciences in Warsaw, posited that the word cannabis, thought to have been of Scythian origin, has a much earlier origin in Semitic languages like Hebrew, and that it appears several times throughout the Old Testament. Benet explained that “in the original Hebrew text of the Old Testament there are references to hemp, both as incense, which was an integral part of religious celebration, and as an intoxicant.”
Benet’s assertion is that the word for cannabis is kaneh-bosm, also rendered in traditional Hebrew as kaneh or kannabus. The root kan in this construction means “reed” or “hemp”, while bosm means “aromatic”. This word appears five times in the Old Testament; in the books of Exodus, the Song of Songs, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. The word kaneh-bosm has been mistranslated as calamus, a common marsh plant with little monetary value that does not have the qualities or value ascribed to kaneh-bosm. The error occurred in the oldest Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, the Septuagint in the third century BC, and was repeated in the many translations that followed.”
In fact, according to The Living Torah translation by Aryeh Kaplan, what appears to be cannabis is a major ingredient of the sacred Holy Anointing Oil recipe in Exodus 30:22-33. For further speculation regarding this connection, see this.
Similarly, the linking of the Greek term pharmakeia used in Revelation 9:21 applies to, among other things, cannabis ingestion.
No, in the New Testament, the Greek meaning of pharmakeia is the mixing of various oft poisonous substances for magickal purposes. It does not appear that they were actually ever intended to be ingested by anyone or that they had what we would call today ‘pharmacological’ properties. Thus the most accurate translation of this word into English is indeed “sorcery” not “drugs”, as most versions render it. However, if we are to assert that it simply translates as “drugs” or “pharmaceuticals”, then it presents a serious problem: which drugs? Penicillin, ethanol, aspirin, morphine, echinacea, placidyl? Obviously, Christians are not prohibited from taking drugs to cure or relieve their various ailments.
In conclusion, I propose that cannabis ingestion for its pleasurable effect, in moderation, is not biblically prohibited anymore than alcohol ingestion for its pleasurable effect, in moderation, is biblically prohibited. What is prohibited is the immoderate and excessive abuse of any substance–be it alcohol, cannabis, caffeine, tobacco, sugar, etc.
Incidentally, this same conclusion was reached in the massive, 3,000+ page Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1893-4), published by the Honourable W. Mackworth Young, British governor of India, the first official and most complete unbiased systematic study of cannabis consumption undertaken to date which states, “the moderate use of hemp drugs is practically attended by no evil results at all”, including “no appreciable physical injury of any kind”, “no injurious effects on the mind”, and “no moral injury whatever“, concluding that it should continue to be permitted, albeit “with a view to check immoderate consumption” (and “at the same time to augment the public revenue”).
The common response to this information will likely be: Nevertheless, whether we debate it or not, cannabis is, in fact, criminal. First of all, however, there actually are places where cannabis consumption is permitted, like the Netherlands (which officially allows the possession and sale of up to 30 grams of quality “marijuana” or “hashish” in coffeehouses), places where the medicinal use of Cannabis is becoming widespread as in California and places where cannabis cultivation for industrial purposes is common, like Canada, France and Russia. Secondly, the fact that it is criminal in the U.S. should therefore either motivate us to politically call for its legalization** or disregard the statutory law, as many Christians would support if the government prohibits the use of wine or tomatoes and therefore sets itself against the clear teaching of the Bible.***
**See Economics of Cannabis Legalization, A Detailed Analysis of the Benefits of Ending Cannabis Prohibition by Dale Gieringer, Ph.D., 1994
***Some food for thought: if certain individuals had not disobeyed the statutory law and preserved the cannabis plant by growing it illegally, the corporations and governments of the world would likely have already eradicated this remarkable plant from the face of our world.
References:
(1)”Marihuana Smoking in Panama”, The Military Surgeon, 73, 1933
(2)”Army Study of Marihuana Smokers”, Newsweek, 1945
(3)Working Men and Ganja Marijuana Use in Rural Jamaica by Melanie Creagan Deher, 1982
(4)”Marijuana As Medicine, A Plea For Consideration” by Dr. Lester Grinspoon and James B. Bakalar, J.D., Journal of the American Medical Association, 273, 1995
(5) In the Matter of Marihuana Rescheduling Petition, Docket 86-22 Opinion, Recommended Ruling, Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Decision of Administrative Law Judge, 1988.
(6) Several books explore this issue in further detail. These include: A. Mack and J. Joy. 2001. Marijuana as Medicine: The Science Beyond the Controversy. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; L. Iverson. 2000. The Science of Marijuana. New York: Oxford University Press; B. Zimmerman et al. 1998. Is Marijuana the Right Medicine for You?; C. Conrad. 1997. Hemp for Health: The Medicinal and Nutritional Uses of Cannabis Sativa. Rochester VT: Healing Arts Press; L. Grinspoon and J. Bakalar J. 1997. Marihuana the Forbidden Medicine; E. Rosenthal et al. 1997. Marijuana Medical Handbook. Oakland: Quick American Archives; and R. Mechoulam. (Ed.) 1986. Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
(7) NSW (New South Wales) Working Party on the Use of Cannabis for Medicinal Purposes. 2000. Report of the Working Party on the Use of Cannabis for Medical Purposes. Sydney: Parliament House; J. Joy et al. 1999. Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology. 1998. Ninth Report. Cannabis: The Scientific and Medical Evidence. London: The Stationary Office; J. Morgan and L. Zimmer. 1997. Marijuana Myths, Marijuana Facts: A Review of the Scientific Evidence. New York: Lindesmith Center; Grinspoon and Bakalar. 1997. Marihuana the Forbidden Medicine.
(8) Joy et al. 1999. Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base
(9)I. Galve-Roperph et al. 2000. Antitumoral action of cannabinoids: involvement of sustained ceramide accumulation of ERK activation. Nature Medicine 6: 313-319. See also: “Anticancer activity of cannabinoids”, Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975); “Antitumor effects of THC”, Environmental Health Perspectives (2000); and “Pot Shrinks Tumors; Government Knew in ‘74” by Raymond Cushing, AlterNet (2000)
(10) M. Van der Stelt et al. 2001. Neuroprotection by delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active compound in marijuana, against ouabain-induced in vivo excitotoxicity. The Journal of Neuroscience 21: 6475-6479; J. Joy et al. 1999. Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base
